There was more to Art Nouveau than just making a piece of jewelry. [It] possessed mysticism, which implied things beyond one’s logical comprehension. It entered the realm of the subconscious, dealing with needs and desires. The work has a sensuous quality—the rich materials, the delicacy of line and the visual beauty. At a time when art was stressing rational, analytical thought, Art Nouveau showed me that emotions were enough to go on, that you could rely on your senses as a means of direction. You don’t see the jewelry as an image that you can take or leave, but as something that you can delve into.
Albert Paley
Modern Handmade Jewelry
Toni Greenbaum
Jewelry is one of the most graphic indicators of personal identity. In sync with the body, it helps to define the individuals who wear it. Jewelry is also among the most revealing examples of material culture. The necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings, and brooches worn by people throughout the ages contain powerful clues about the eras, traditions, habitations, and societies in which they lived.
To this day, jewelry continues to act as an important signifier. The twentieth century, along with the first two decades of the twenty-first, is particularly rich in what we refer to as “studio jewelry.” Studio jewelry, which is invariably handmade, can simply celebrate process and provide an alternative to fine or costume jewelry, but it can also harbor deeper meanings—concepts far beyond jewelry’s usual function as decoration, commemoration, or talisman. Studio jewelry exists at the nexus of art, craft, and design, often reflecting aesthetic concerns, theoretical doctrines, political agendas, or popular trends. Most studio jewelry is either unique or produced in limited edition. It can be fabricated from precious metals and gemstones, or created from materials outside the norm, or both. Studio jewelry may be easy to wear, or present tactical challenges. All in all, it is a most compelling adornment—whether we regard it technically, stylistically, artistically, or even existentially.
Structure and Ornament: Studio Jewelry from 1900 to the Present offers outstanding work by artists whose primary focus is the body, along with those seeking to expand their practices beyond painting and sculpture. It is a truly dazzling array, illustrating the continuum of studio jewelry from the turn of the twentieth century to the turn of the twenty-first, and beyond. This is also a landmark event, as it is the first exhibition and sale organized by an American auction house to be dedicated solely to studio jewelry on an international scale. Mark McDonald, a noted authority on twentieth and twenty-first century applied art, has meticulously curated the collection, which contains some of the field’s most iconic examples.
One of the highlights is a magnificent silver and mother of pearl comb—reconfigured as a choker, but with the original tortoise shell fitting intact—by Wiener Werkstätte master Josef Hoffmann. Another is Goldfinger(1969), a seminal work by Italian sculptor and jeweler Bruno Martinazzi. Goldfinger is a dramatic 20k yellow and 18k white gold cuff bracelet, forged in the guise of a human hand, which holds the wearer’s wrist in a vice-like grip. It symbolizes Martinazzi’s stated view of the hand as “an instrument of knowledge and invention, meant to establish a relationship with others.” Also on view are two rare pendants, from 1954 and 1976, by Rolph Scarlett, a Canadian-born painter and jeweler as well as industrial and stage designer, who is represented by numerous paintings in the collection of the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York City. Scarlett spent much of his life in Woodstock, New York, where, in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s, he made enormous rings and pendants of silver and brightly colored semi-precious stones, reminiscent of the geometric abstraction displayed in his paintings.
Two works by Rolph Scarlett, Lot 192 and Lot 193
Important examples of mid-twentieth century modernist jewelry by Art Smith—in particular, a unique hammered copper wire collar—biomorphic brooches by Sam Kramer, Constructivist pins by Margaret De Patta, and a kinetic silver neckpiece, along with several forged wire fibulae, by Claire Falkenstein are for sale. A reversible silver and enamel bracelet by Earl Pardon; a gold, moss agate, sand, and epoxy brooch by Irena Brynner; and the Martha Graham brooch—based upon Barbara Morgan’s famous photograph of the dancer—by Ed Wiener are especially noteworthy, as they were in the groundbreaking exhibition Structure and Ornament: American Modernist Jewelry 1940-1960 at Fifty/50 Gallery in 1984. Scarcely seen late modernist works by John Paul Miller, Ruth Roach, Christian Schmidt, John Prip, Albert Paley, and Phillip Fike are featured as well.
Sam Kramer in his studio in Greenwich Village (left). Margaret De Patta in her studio in Oakland (right).
The sale presents a treasury of “classics” by contemporary masters, such as Otto Künzli, Hermann Jünger, Karl Fritsch, Robert Baines, Giampaolo Babetto, Gerd Rothmann, William Harper, and Lisa Gralnick, whose oeuvre is represented by both a black acrylic cube cuff bracelet, from 1988, and subsequent “deconstructed” brooches of 18k gold. Conceived as an edition, Künzli’s pioneering bangle bracelet, Gold Makes You Blind (designed in 1980), questions long-held notions about preciousness and wear. It is fabricated from a black rubber tube within which a gold ball is concealed, its presence indicated only by a spherical bulge in the rubber. The gold ball is revealed if the encasement erodes through use; originally, Künzli had agreed to replace the rubber tube as needed.
This auction additionally includes a refreshing mix of works by some of contemporary jewelry’s rising stars, such as the Night is Quiet Sea brooch that centers on an antique ferrotype mounted in oxidized silver, with two applied Baroque pearls and a hidden garnet, by German jeweler Bettina Speckner, and a brooch assembled from silver, enameled silver, rock, and glass by Australian Helen Britton. Dutch jeweler and product/lighting designer Herman Hermsen is represented by a massive collar of black PVC, mounted with large green and blue glass stones, which references both historical idioms and up-to-the-minute design. A sizable ring and exceptional double dragonfly bracelet—made from plastic and repurposed faux gemstones—by Austrian artist Petra Zimmermann also addresses the history of jewelry, and its aesthetic value regardless of the materials used, as well as the transitory nature of beauty.
The original Structure and Ornament catalog from 1984
Due to the compatibility of method and material, sculptors, from time to time, have embraced jewelry’s small format. Arnaldo Pomodoro habitually incorporated jewelry into his practice, echoing the complex textures of his monumental bronze sculptures in the rough surfaces of elegant gold bracelets. A prime example of such a bracelet, from 1965, is in the sale, along with a sleek stainless steel brooch (1960) by José de Rivera, and pendants from the same period by Ibram Lassaw, who regarded jewelry as maquettes for his larger works. The auction also boasts a rare ceramic brooch by Beatrice Wood, featuring two figures reminiscent of those seen on her clay vessels.
For those who admire modern and contemporary art, decorative art, or design, Structure and Ornament: Studio Jewelry from 1900 to the Present provides an unparalleled opportunity to observe and acquire some of the best work available.
Albert Paley is an American jewelry designer and sculptor whose work defies strict categorization as either art or craft, instead embracing the finer aspects of both disciplines.
Paley was born in Philadelphia in 1944 to lower middle class parents. Despite showing a natural inclination towards the arts, Paley held misgivings about pursuing a career as an artist. He believed the only way to earn a steady income in the arts was to find work in advertising—a proposition he found distasteful.
It was Paley’s girlfriend, a student at the Tyler School of Art, who convinced him otherwise. A single Saturday spent touring the campus and Paley was sold; he enrolled at the Tyler School of Arts with hardly enough money for a single semester’s tuition. Paley began taking classes in jewelry making and sculpture during his sophomore year and soon found himself enthralled with both crafts. Paley graduated from the Tyler School of Arts in 1969 with a Master in Fine Arts.
Paley began his professional career as a jeweler creating works of wearable art that merged the sinuous and organic lines of European Art Nouveau with the visual weight of metalwork. Later in 1969, Paley accepted a position teaching goldsmithing at the Rochester Institute of Technology, but continued to pursue his sculptural aspirations on the side. In 1972, Paley was commissioned to produce the Portal Gates at the Smithsonian Institute’s Renwick Gallery in Washington, D.C. Completed in 1973, and installed in 1976, the monumental steel, bronze and copper doors earned Paley national recognition as a metalsmith of truly unique vision.
Albert Paley’s sculptures don’t simply occupy space; they command it. Paley possesses a rare ability to transform iron from a lifeless and unyielding metal into a moving, almost liquid, element. Despite the seemingly spontaneous and organic nature of his work, Paley is a consummate draftsman, envisioning the majority of his creations on paper before stepping to the forge.
Crossing the boundaries between art and craft, Paley has established himself as one of the greatest metal artists in the country. Throughout his career, he has completed several important private and public site-specific commissions including the Clay Center Sculpture at the Clay Center for the Arts and Sciences in West Virginia and the Animals Always installation at the St. Louis Zoo. Further, his works have been widely published and can be found in multiple major museum collections around the world.
