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Born in York, Pennsylvania, Jeff Koons is an American artist renowned for his work in the realm of contemporary art. His creations are characterized by their vibrant colors, reflective surfaces, and themes that challenge traditional boundaries between high and low culture. Koons has emerged as one of the most influential and controversial artists of his generation, often polarizing critics and art enthusiasts with his provocative style and unabashed embrace of commercialism.

Koons' early interest in art was nurtured by his father, a furniture dealer and interior decorator and his mother, a seamstress. By the tender age of eight, he had begun making replicas of Old Masters paintings which he sold in his father’s shop. After graduating from high school Koons pursued formal education in art, earning a Bachelor of Fine Arts degree from the Maryland Institute College of Art in Baltimore, and studying briefly at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago.

In the 1980s, Koons gained prominence with his Equilibrium series, which featured basketballs suspended in tanks of water, and his Luxury and Degradation series, which critiqued consumerism through meticulously crafted stainless steel sculptures of liquor advertisements. However, it was his Banality series in the late 1980s that truly catapulted him to fame. This series included sculptures such as Michael Jackson and Bubbles and Pink Panther, which used kitsch imagery to challenge perceptions of taste and value in art. One of Koons' most iconic works is Balloon Dog, part of his Celebration series, which debuted in the 1990s. These larger-than-life sculptures of balloon animals, rendered in polished stainless steel with mirror-like surfaces, epitomize Koons' ability to blend childlike wonder with high art. Balloon Dog (Orange) famously sold for $58.4 million at auction in 2013, setting a record for the most expensive work by a living artist at the time.

Koons' work often blurs the lines between art and commerce, prompting debates about authenticity and originality. His approach to art-making is heavily influenced by the readymade concepts of Marcel Duchamp and the pop art sensibilities of Andy Warhol, and he has described his work as a celebration of the mundane and a reflection of contemporary society's values and desires. Despite his commercial success, Koons' work has not been without controversy. Critics often question the originality and artistic merit of his pieces, accusing him of prioritizing spectacle over substance. Nonetheless, Koons' influence on the art world is undeniable; he has been the subject of numerous solo exhibitions and retrospectives, including a major retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 2014, and his work is held in countless private and public collections worldwide.